![]() ![]() The insets (A.4) and (B.4) show the zoomed surface-magnitude EF plots. (A.3, B.3) Top view of the brain showing the induced surface-magnitude EF. (A.2, B.2) Surface-magnitude plots of EF along the brain surface, same view as (A.1, B.1). For each configuration, we calculated the induced cortical electric field (EF) magnitude. ![]() ‘Red’: Anode electrode ‘Blue’: Cathode electrode(s) ‘Olive green’: sponge/gel. Anatomically accurate high-resolution MRI-based forward-models may guide the "rational" clinical design and optimization of tDCS.įinite Element Modeling MRI Human Head Model TES focality tDCS.īrain modulation during tDCS using conventional rectangular-pad (A.1) and the 4 × 1 ring electrode configuration (B.1). Cortical structures may be focally targeted by using ring configurations. The 4 x 1 ring resulted in enhanced spatial focality, with peak-induced electric field magnitude at the sulcus and adjacent gyri directly underneath the active electrode. Peak-induced electric field magnitude was not observed directly underneath the pads, but at an intermediate lobe. The rectangular-pad configuration resulted in diffuse (unfocal) modulation, with discrete clusters of electric field magnitude maxima. ![]() The spatial focality of conventional rectangular-pad (7 x 5 cm2) and the ring (4 x 1) electrode configurations were compared. We calculated the cortical electric field/current density magnitude induced during tDCS using a high spatial resolution (1 mm3) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived finite element human head model cortical gyri/sulci were resolved. However, we show that electric fields may be clustered at distinct gyri/sulci sites because of details in tissue architecture/conductivity, notably cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The spatial resolution of conventional transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is considered to be relatively diffuse owing to skull dispersion. ![]()
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